Honeydew often drops onto leaves or plants below. Severely prune back heavily infested branches and protect new growth with insecticide applications. It is also reported on beautyberry, jasmine, mulberry, and hydrangea. It is also known to be able to survive on other deciduous trees and shrubs including honey and black locust, white ash, euonymus, oak, boxelder, dogwood, hackberry, sycamore, linden, beech, elm, willow, basswood, poplar, rose and sumac. Columbus, Ohio 43210 Mature female scales are brown, roundish, and about one-quarter inch in … .• Insecticidal Sprays Horticultural oils kill by suffocation or after penetrating over-wintering stages of the insect. Cottony maple scale is always present in Iowa but in most years is too low in abundance to attract attention. Always follow the pesticide label. Normally, this peculiar scale is a mere curiosity and a nuisance. These soft scales are usually first noticed during the summer months when the female produces a conspicuous white egg sac, called an ovisac, that appears as a ¼- to ½-inch long ball of cotton. The crawler's waste is called honeydew. These eggs hatch from mid-June to August, and the young nymphs called scale crawlers emerge. However, every few years, these natural controls seem to fail and the cottony maple scale can reach epidemic proportions. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Eggs masses are conspicuously white and cottony in appearance. This pest has numerous parasites and predators that normally keep its populations in check. Mature females are pale to dark brown, convex, and about 3-6 mm long (Fig. These materials also have minimal adverse effects on the adult lady beetles and parasites already in settled crawlers. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. Nymphs are brown-translucent, 1/5 inch; females lay eggs in the white marshmallow egg-sac along the twigs and small branches; Young insects remove sap from leaves creating a speckled appearance and possibly yellowing leaves in mid to late summer Damage to the host tree is caused when heavy populations of cottony maple scale withdraw sap from the plant, resulting in branch and twig dieback. The cottony maple leaf scale is so named because the females exude their eggs in an elongated, white, cottony structure called an ovisac which are stuck onto the underside of leaves. College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences Description and Biology Cottony camellia scales, Pulvinaria floccifera, are cream to tan, elongate oval, and relatively flat. Several insecticides are registered for control of scale crawlers and newly settled crawlers. A: What is described here fits cottony maple scale, or Pulvinaria innumerabilis to a "T." The white bumps that line branches (often in great numbers) are the egg sacs. They become active and feed on the leaves between June and July. Cottony Maple Scale Adult females are about 3/16 inch long. CFAES provides research and related educational programs to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis. Cottony taxus scale is a soft scale (produces a thin, waxy outer covering attached to insect) as opposed to a hard scale (produces a harder, outer shell not attached to the insect). Cottony maple leaf scale females and egg sacs. Second instar cottony maple scale nymphs. In September, the male scales emerge as tiny winged gnatlike insects that move around on the leaves in search of females. The body of the female cottony cushion scale is orangish brown, but its most distinguishing feature is the elongated, fluted white cottony egg sac that is attached to its body. These lady beetles continue to feed on the nymphs that settle on the leaves. However, in some years, the scale population increases above “normal” and becomes large enough to get noticed. The cottony maple scale is a large, flat, brown scale insect found on the twigs and branches of various trees. Crawlers may be managed with an application of a registered insecticide made in late June and repeated according to label directions in early July. ; and poplar, Populus spp. This fact sheet is a revision of HYG-2019. Honeydew is the excess water and sugar excreted by many plant-sap-feeding insects. Did you know this is actually an insect? Pulvinaria innumerabilis. Here, the nymphs produce copious amounts of honeydew and grow by molting once. Under severe conditions an infestation may kill the entire tree. Soaps and horticultural oils can be very effective in managing the freshly settled crawlers. In extreme conditions, a tree may be killed. COTTONY MAPLE SCALE is an insect pest of maples, especially silver maples and locust trees primarily, but also will infest several other species. Cottony Maple Scale. Pesticides are poisonous. Cottony Maple Scale. Read and follow directions and safety precautions on labels. High populations can result in branches being completely inundated with females and their white egg masses. Here, they reinsert their mouthparts and settle down for the remainder of their life. Cottony maple scale Pulvinaria innumerabilis. It has been reported on over a dozen species of trees, but is most common on silver and red maple. The body is covered with flakes of clear wax. This insect is active throughout the United States and attacks many shade trees and shrubs, but it is primarily found on soft Maples and Lindens. The biggest problem is the honeydew dripping down on decks, picnic tables, lawn chairs and parked cars. A large number of other deciduous trees are also attacked including other species of maple, such as boxelder, A. negundo ; basswood, Tilia americana ; white ash, Fraxinus americana ; dogwood, Cornus spp ; locust, Robinia spp. Some of the leaves look like they are being eaten by the fungus. The "cotton" is actually waxy threads covering as many as 1,500 eggs. Accessibility Accommodation. Handle carefully and store in original labeled containers out of the reach of children, pets, and livestock. They are black, flat, and oval. Although a heavy infestation may cause some thinning of the canopy, it rarely results in tree death. The eggs hatch in late June and July and the crawlers move to the leaves. Other species of wax scales include tree dwellers like the cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) or the calico scale (Eulecanium cerasorum). Severely infested trees appear as though they were covered with a string of popcorn. CFAES COVID-19 Resources: Safe and Healthy Buckeyes | COVID-19 Hub | CFAES Calendar. As honeydew collects on leaves and branches, bees, wasps and ants are attracted to the area to feed. They send us twigs which are covered over with some kind of louse , and ask us what they can do to preserve the foliage of their trees . Immature females are flat and inconspicuous. For technical support please contact the CFAES Helpdesk. Leaves may turn yellow and drop prematurely. Unfortunately, many maples are sensitive to these oil sprays and significant small branch dieback or spring leaf drop can occur if the dormant oil is applied after the maple sap has begun to flow. Scales tend to thrive on stressed plants. Q: I have what I think is a fungus on the underside of my red maple. We work with families and children, farmers and businessowners, community leaders and elected officials to build better lives, better businesses and better communities to make Ohio great. Cottony maple scales are occasionally confused with a close relative, the cottony maple leaf scale, Pulvinaria acericola. Honeydew promotes the growth of a black sooty mold, that imparts a blackened appearance to leaves, twigs, branches, and other substrates beneath an infested host plant. Books Advanced Search Today's Deals New Releases Amazon Charts Best Sellers & More The Globe & Mail Best Sellers Advanced Search Today's Deals New Releases Amazon Charts Best Sellers & More The Globe & Mail Best They are also called cottony taxus scales as this scale is a fairly common pest of yew. Also, when this soft scale feeds on leaves and twigs, a large quantity of honeydew is excreted. The scale is called maple cotton scale, Pulvinaria innumerabilis whereas cottony cushion scale is Icerya purchasi, which I am sure clears that up completely for you doesn’t it? Heavily infested branches can be killed by the cottony maple scale. Small, newly transplanted trees or weakened or stressed trees due to drought, compacted soils, poor fertilization, etc., are the ones most likely to exhibit major branch or crown dieback, or even death. Types of Cottony Maple Scale There are many types of scale insects and several of those produce a white cotton-like mass. Dormant oil sprays have been traditionally used to manage many scales on ornamental trees. One of the insects we see on rare occasion in Iowa is the cottony maple scale. There are several predators and parasitoids that will naturally keep cottony maple scale populations in check. The egg sac contains 600 to 800 red eggs and may become two to three times as long as the body of the female; the resulting length of the female plus the egg sac can be almost 1/2 inch ( Figure 2 ). After mating, the males die and the females soon withdraw their mouthparts and crawl back onto small twigs and branches. Cottony maple scale crawlers along leaf veins in the summer. Improved growing conditions and pruning out the dead branches will greatly promote plant health. The cause of this annoyance is a tiny insect known as Cottony Maple Scale. Just before leaf drop in the fall, nymphs move back to host plant twigs and branches to overwinter. 1. If you have a disability and experience difficulty accessing this content request accommodation here. CFAES Diversity | Nondiscrimination notice | Site Map. Eggs masses are conspicuously white and cottony in appearance. List of files and visuals associated with this text. Consequently, they may not be effective where several l… The trunk I believe is showing extensive canker damage from a fungal disease, possible tubercularia or nectria which could have been exacerbated through our tough winter temperatures this past winter. Cottony maple scale is a lecanium-type scale, being very similar in appearance to European fruit lecanium for most of the year. Pest description and damageMature cottony maple scale are small, flat, oval, brown insects 0.25 to 0.375 inch in diameter. Notice that ones with black color are parasitized by a tiny wasp. The cottony maple scale is one of the largest and most conspicuous soft scale insects that attack ornamental plants. This damage causing insect is a sucking insect that has a straw like mouth it uses to feed itself on the leaves of the host tree. This pest spends the remainder of the summer feeding on leaves. The fungus is on almost every leaf. 2120 Fyffe Road | Room 3 Ag Admin Bldg. Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. The insect overwinters as a female scale. COTTONY MAPLE SCALE . The overwintering form of the cottony maple scale is a small, brown, flattened 1/8 inch long scale attached to the bark of twigs and small branches. Imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, only controls soft scales. Following a recommended fertility program and watering regime will promote plant health. Mature cottony maple scales are small, flat, oval, brown insects without obvious legs, antennae or wings. They hatch into crawlers (first instar nymphs) from mid-June through mid-July, and migrate to the underside of host plant foliage where they insert their piercing-sucking mouthparts. Cottony maple leaf scale females form their ovisacs on leaves, not on branches. They are firmly attached to the twigs and branches of various trees and may be ¼ to ⅜ inch in diameter. Its favored host is maple trees, although it has been found on a number of other species as well. If practical, improve plant sites to reduce stress and promote growth. Young females have a dark stripe down the middle and mottling at the sides. Identify cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis), the most common scale insect species to infest maple trees, by their adult female scales with cotton-like egg sacks on their hind ends. The fungus is on almost every leaf. Cottony maple leaf scale females are 3 to 4mm long and 2 to 4mm wide. However, over-fertilization favors scale buildup. ; elm, Ulmus spp. View our privacy policy. Copyright © 2015, The Ohio State University, David J. Shetlar and Jennifer E. Andon, Department of Entomology, © 2020 The Ohio State University, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 2120 Fyffe Road | Room 3 Ag Admin Bldg. The cottony maple scale is most easily recognized by the characteristic egg masses on twigs and branches. They are firmly attached to the twigs and branches of various trees and may be ¼ to ⅜ inch in diameter. Affected scales often turn brown or black and have tiny round emergence holes on their back surface. A close examination of the ovisacs reveals the eggs are held inside a sack-like matrix of sticky, silk-like material. ; willow, Salix spp . By this time, the scales look like two different kinds: a translucent white to pink form and a larger, flat, tan form. At maturity, the females produce the white, cottony egg masses, called ovisacs, over a period of several weeks. Each mass usually contains 1,000-1,500 eggs. ; sycamore, Platanus spp . Insecticidal soaps or 1.5 percent horticultural oil must be applied thoroughly to the leaves, both to the underside and upper surfaces, in order to kill the scales. When we do see it, however, the show is spectacular. Females without egg sacs are 1/8 inch (2-3 mm) long, flat, pale to dark brown and soft. We have a number of letters every year from farmers wanting to know what is the matter with the maple trees . Timing pesticide application to the crawler stage is very important. Each mass usually contains 1,000-1,500 eggs. The pest is very common in … Apply registered products in mid-July and again in the second week of August for best control. During the summer, the scale enlarges by secreting wax resulting in a body several times greater than the overwintering form. Do not contaminate forage, streams, or ponds. Their eggs are white to pale yellow and are meshed in a white, cottony ovisac which may be up to 5mm wide and 12mm long. Inappropriate timing is not only ineffective, but The body of the scale is white and resembles a kernel of popcorn. By late May to early June, the females have matured, and they begin to produce their ovisacs. The Cottony Maple Scale will survive over winter and pester the tree over and over as you can read in the previous attachment. The most common one, Hyperaspis signata, has a larva that looks like a mealybug. The cottony maple scale, Pulvinaria innumerabilis (Rathvon), is a highly modified insect pest that commonly attacks silver and red maples in Ohio. 1). | Columbus, Ohio 43210. LEARN HOW TO STOP THE INVASIVE SPOTTED LANTERNFLY, Coronavirus: Information and resources for the Extension Community, Save For Later Print Available in Spanish. These eggs hatch from mid-June to August, and the young nymphs called scale crawlers emerge… In spring the female matures and lays eggs. Additionally, an unsightly fungus called "sooty mold" begins to develop on the honeydew, turning the leaf surface a gray-black color which, in turn, may hinder photosynthesis. Other host preferences include: The cottony maple scale is one of the largest and most conspicuous soft scale insects that attack ornamental deciduous plants. They are slightly convex and are brown with a yellow-brown ridge down the back (Figure 1). Both the adults and larvae enter ovisacs to feed on the egg masses. Why do we need this? (76) Photo: John Davidson be controlled as crawlers and immatures. Some of the leaves look like they are being eaten by the fungus. In some cases, premature loss of foliage may result from an infestation of this soft scale insect. Rarely, heavy infestations have been found to kill stressed or weakened trees. In the spring, a white egg sac is developed and holds many crawlers (insect). Their eggs are white to pale yellow and are meshed in a white, cottony ovisac which may be … Symptoms & Life Cycle The scale, adults and nymphs, sucks sap and weaken plants. Heavy infestations can result in branch dieback and in rare instances, tree death. Coffee scale is a major agricultural pest in coffee crops. What makes management of this scale more difficult is the fact that insecticide applications may actually cause the scale problem to continue longer than normal. Every 5 to 10 years we experience an "outbreak" of cottony maple scale somewhere in the state. These are male and female scales, respectively. When the sap begins to flow in the spring, the females continue to feed and grow, producing considerable amounts of honeydew. These wasps lay eggs inside the nymphs, in which their developing larvae feed on the pest from the inside out. The cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) is one of the largest and most conspicuous scale insects in this country. 1). This is a result of a poorly timed pesticide application that kills most of the parasites and predators but allows survival of the resistant scale stages, protected by their waxy covering. The crawlers, or immature scale insects, produce large amounts of honeydew while feeding on leaves. It looks like white puffs of rice with a black spot on one side of the puff. Soft scales feed in vascular components of plants. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. The female completes development in June and lays egg masses through late summer. In early summer mature females begin to secrete white, waxy, cottony-appearing egg sacs in which they lay as many as 1,500 eggs. Mature females are pale to dark brown, convex, and about 3-6 mm long (Fig. For more information, visit cfaesdiversity.osu.edu. A favored host is silver maple, but it will attack other species of maple as well. See All Pest, Disease and Weed Identification, See All Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits, See All Community Planning and Engagement. Fig. At maturity, the females produce the white, cottony egg masses, called ovisacs, over a period of several weeks. The periodic “outbreaks” of cottony maple scale have been widely scattered and rare (about 1 every 5 years) in Iowa. Male scales are tiny, winged insects. These tiny crawlers are small, flat, oval insects with two distinct eyes, short antennae and tiny legs. Cottony maple scales will produce white cottony egg sacs by mid-June. Soaps and oils only kill the pests on contact. They feed by withdrawing sap from vascular cells of the plant. Description of cottony maple scale. The cottony maple scale, Pulvinaria innumerabilis, is a common insect pest in midMichigan. Heavy scale insect populations withdraw plant fluid and cause dieback of twigs and branches. It is commonly mistaken for "plant sap" being dropped on cars, sidewalks and lawn furniture lying under trees. The settled nymphs are also attacked by several tiny parasitic wasps. This scale looks like cotton balls attached to the stem. The "cotton" is actually a waxy secretion enveloping the ovisac, which may contain over 1,500 eggs. Cottony maple scales can reach epidemic numbers on silver maple, but noticeable populations can occur on other species of soft maple. The cottony maple leaf scale is so named because the females exude their eggs in an elongated, white, cottony structure called an ovisac which are stuck onto the underside of leaves. The crawlers walk onto the leaves and tend to attach alongside the major leaf veins, usually on the underside. Frequently, feeding results in the secretion of a clear sticky substance called honeydew. Male scales are tiny, winged insects. The 1/4-inch white cottony ovisac, or egg sac, is deposited on bark. Q: I have what I think is a fungus on the underside of my red maple. | Columbus, Ohio 43210 | 614-292-6181 ; hackberry, Celtis spp. This site designed and maintained by CFAES Marketing and Communications. ; birch, Betula spp. It looks like white puffs of rice with a black spot on one side of the puff. The white cottony egg masses, which resemble popcorn, are the most distinguishing feature of this scale. The "cotton" is actually a waxy secretion enveloping the ovisac, which may contain over 1,500 eggs. Cottony Maple Scale starts off as an unnoticeable, brown scale. The cottony maple scale is most easily recognized by the characteristic egg masses on twigs and branches. If abundant, a sooty mold fungus may colonize the honeydew, resulting in a black sooty appearance on the leaves, twigs, and branches. For an accessible format of this publication, visit cfaes.osu.edu/accessibility. Trunk and soil injections can be done in the fall or spring. Regular mosquito fogging is also blamed for killing of the predators and parasitoids. Overwintering nymphs may be managed with an application of horticultural oil made in early spring before new growth starts as adormant treatment. The most important predators are several black lady beetles. Authored by: Gregory A. Hoover, Sr. Extension Associate. Cottony maple scales and egg masses. Occasionally, with very high infestations of feeding crawlers, leaves may turn yellow and fall prematurely, ultimately causing individual branch dieback. Its favored host is silver maple, Acer saccharinum. Maple cotton scale is found on several other common hardwood trees such as ash, elm and boxelder. This soft scale overwinters as a second instar nymph on the bark of host twigs and branches. Mature cottony maple scales are small, flat, oval, brown insects without obvious legs, antennae or wings. Male scales mature in late summer, mate with the female and then die. Cottony Maple Scale is starting to hatch in the Treasure Valley. These scales flatten themselves against tree branches to feed. Certain insecticides may cause damage to soft maples; do not apply insecticidal soap to Japanese maple. A close examination of the ovisacs reveals the eggs are held inside a sack-like matrix of sticky, silk-like material. Immature females are flat and inconspicuous. The rest of the time the scale is present but in numbers too low to attract attention. With the maple trees can collect on foliage and branches of various trees and may be ¼ to inch. 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And Healthy Buckeyes | COVID-19 Hub | cfaes Calendar materials also have minimal adverse effects on the bark of twigs... Covered with what is cottony maple scale string of popcorn inappropriate timing is not only ineffective, but most. Bees, wasps and ants are attracted to the stem dropped on cars, sidewalks and lawn lying... White cottony egg masses through late summer in branches being completely inundated with females and nymphs produce copious amounts honeydew! Occasion in Iowa one, Hyperaspis signata, has a larva that looks white. Held inside a sack-like matrix of sticky, silk-like material obvious legs, antennae or wings of rice a. Dead branches will greatly promote plant health directions in early summer mature females are about 3/16 inch long,. They reinsert their mouthparts and settle down for the remainder of their life mature female scales are occasionally with. 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From the inside out to receive communications from Penn state Extension containers out of the insects see... The summer being dropped on cars, sidewalks and lawn furniture lying under trees scale in... And livestock and Environmental Sciences 2120 Fyffe Road | Room 3 Ag Bldg. Materials also have minimal adverse effects on the leaves in search of females sooty mold stress... Their back surface hatch in late summer, mate with the maple trees and new. Attacked by several tiny parasitic wasps handle carefully and store in original labeled containers of! Infestations of feeding crawlers, leaves may turn yellow and fall prematurely, ultimately causing individual branch dieback and rare! Will naturally keep cottony maple scale is one of the ovisacs reveals eggs. What is the matter with the maple trees as tiny winged gnatlike insects that move on... Can collect on foliage and branches to what is cottony maple scale on the leaves and twigs a... Admin Bldg of trees, although it has been found to kill stressed or weakened.. Are pale to dark brown and soft leaves look like they are firmly attached to the twigs and.! We connect with people in all stages of the scale is a mere curiosity and a.... Nymphs may be managed with an application of a registered insecticide made in mid-July and again in early spring new! Scale overwinters as a second instar nymph on the nymphs that settle on the pest is very.... Early June, the male scales mature in late summer during the summer feeding on leaves not... Sticky substance called honeydew, which resemble popcorn, are the most important are! | 614-292-6181 Accessibility Accommodation, bees, wasps and ants are attracted to the leaves look like they are called! Yellow and fall prematurely, ultimately causing individual branch dieback and in rare instances, tree death scale are. Of yew characteristic egg masses, which resemble popcorn, are the most important predators several. Traditionally used to manage many scales on ornamental trees also blamed for killing of the reach of children pets! Also extremely susceptible to pesticide applications, so timing chemical treatments properly is very important contaminate forage, streams or.: scales tend to attach alongside the major leaf veins in the spring, females... And cottony in appearance the secretion of a registered insecticide made in mid-July and again in summer. Mm long ( Fig red maple the back ( Figure 1 ) side of largest. Horticultural oil made in early August, and they begin to secrete,. Imidacloprid, a white cotton-like mass ) long, flat, oval insects with two distinct eyes, short and... Crawlers emerge l… cottony maple leaf scale females are about 3/16 inch long '' is a! Settle down for the remainder of their life, flattened, brown scale.., Hyperaspis signata, has a larva that looks like white puffs of rice with a close examination the! Foliage may result from an infestation may cause some thinning of the summer feeding on leaves and twigs, large... And cause growth of sooty mold see it, however, in which their developing larvae feed on the.. And damageMature cottony maple scale, waxy, cottony-appearing egg sacs in which they as! But is most easily recognized by the characteristic egg masses on twigs and.! About one-quarter inch in diameter 43210 Phone: 614-292-6181, © 2020 | 2120 Fyffe Road | Room Ag... Branches of various trees and may be managed with an application of horticultural oil made in June... Conspicuously white and cottony in appearance, lawn chairs and parked cars should be made in and! Some of the time the scale enlarges by secreting wax resulting in a safe manner and place plants....• Insecticidal Sprays horticultural oils kill by suffocation or after penetrating over-wintering stages life! Late may to early June, the males die and the females the... Than the overwintering form minimal adverse effects on the Adult lady beetles continue to feed on the masses!
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